Search Results for Milan

Biographies

1. Cardan biography
   
   • Born: 24 Sept 1501 in Pavia, Duchy of Milan (now Italy) .
     
   • His father was a lawyer in Milan but his expertise in mathematics was such that he was consulted by Leonardo da Vinci on questions of geometry.
     
   • In addition to his law practice, Fazio lectured on geometry, both at the University of Pavia and, for a longer spell, at the Piatti foundation in Milan.
     
   • Chiara became pregnant but, before she was due to give birth, the plague hit Milan and she was persuaded to leave the city for the relative safety of nearby Pavia to stay with wealthy friends of Fazio.
     
   • Thus Cardan was born in Pavia but his mother's joy was short lived when she received news that her first three children had died of the plague in Milan.
     
   • Cardan was awarded his doctorate in medicine in 1525 and applied to join the College of Physicians in Milan, where his mother still lived.
     
   • Cardan's practice in Sacco did not provide enough income for him to support a wife so, in April 1532, he moved to Gallarate, near Milan.
     
   • He applied again to the College of Physicians in Milan but again was not allowed membership.
     
   • Desperately seeking a change of fortune, the Cardans moved to Milan, but here they fared even worse and they had to ignominiously enter the poorhouse.
     
   • Cardan was fortunate to obtain Fazio's former post of lecturer in mathematics at the Piatti Foundation in Milan which gave him plenty of free time and he used some of this to treat a few patients, despite not being a member of the College of Physicians.
     
   • During the years 1543-1552, Cardan lectured on medicine at the universities of Milan and Pavia, as war frequently forced the closure of the university in Pavia.
     
   • Cardan was not lecturing when he received the plea and so accepted the offer, setting out from Milan on 23 February 1552.
     
   • Italian translations were published in Milan (1821 and 1922) and Turin (1945).
     

2. Frisi biography
   
   • Born: 13 April 1728 in Milan, Austrian Habsburg (now Italy) .
     
   • Died: 22 Nov 1784 in Milan, Italy .
     
   • The headquarters of the Order was in Milan, in the church of St Barnabas (hence the name of the Order).
     
   • In addition Frisi was professor of philosophy at Casale Novara and Collegio Alessandro in Milan from 1753 to 1756.
     
   • He left Milan in 1756 to take up a post as professor of philosophy at the University of Pisa.
     
   • After holding the post in Pisa for eight years, Frisi returned to Milan becoming professor of mathematics at the Scuola Palatina in 1764.
     
   • He studied kinematics and hydraulics and he was responsible for drawing up plans for a canal between Milan and Pavia.
     
   • cultural, social, and political life of Milan ..
     

3. Cavalieri biography
   
   • Born: 1598 in Milan, Duchy of Milan, Habsburg Empire (now Italy) .
     
   • Bonaventura Cavalieri joined the religious order Jesuati in Milan in 1615 while he was still a boy.
     
   • The meeting with Galileo was set up by Cardinal Federico Borromeo who saw clearly the genius in Cavalieri while he was at the monastery in Milan.
     
   • In 1621 Cavalieri became a deacon and assistant to Cardinal Federico Borromeo at the monastery in Milan.
     

4. Agnesi biography
   
   • Born: 16 May 1718 in Milan, Habsburg Empire (now Italy) .
     
   • Died: 9 Jan 1799 in Milan, Habsburg Empire (now Italy) .
     
   • Agnesi was fortunate, however, in her bid to learn mathematics for a monk, Ramiro Rampinelli, a mathematician who had been a professor at both Rome and Bologna, arrived in Milan and became a frequent visitor to the Agnesi house.
     
   • He describes in [Elogio Storico di Maria Gaetane Agnesi Milanese (Milan, 1799).',5)">5] how her father imposed severe constraints on her, and she chose to inhabit rooms of the house away from where the rest of the family lived and there she helped old women who were ill.
     
   • However [Elogio Storico di Maria Gaetane Agnesi Milanese (Milan, 1799).',5)">5]:- .
     

5. Ceva Tommaso biography
   
   • Born: 20 Dec 1648 in Milan, Italy .
     
   • Died: 3 Feb 1737 in Milan, Italy .
     
   • Tommaso Ceva became professor of mathematics and rhetoric at the Jesuit College of Brera in Milan and taught there for more than forty years.
     
   • His most famous student at this College in Milan was Saccheri.
     

6. Pacioli biography
   
   • Ludovico Sforza was the second son of Francesco Sforza, who had made himself duke of Milan.
     
   • When Francesco died in 1466, Ludovico's elder brother Galeazzo Sforza became duke of Milan.
     
   • However, Galeazzo was murdered in 1476 and his seven year old son became duke of Milan.
     
   • With very generous patronage of artists and scholars, Ludovico Sforza set about making his court in Milan the finest in the whole of Europe.
     
   • In 1494 Ludovico became the duke of Milan and, around 1496, Pacioli was invited by Ludovico to go to Milan to teach mathematics at Ludovico Sforza's court.
     
   • At Milan Pacioli and Leonardo quickly became close friends.
     
   • Louis XII became king of France in 1498 and, being a descendant of the first duke of Milan, he claimed the duchy.
     
   • Venice supported Louis against Milan and in 1499 the French armies entered Milan In the following year Ludovico Sforza was captured when he attempted to retake the city.
     
   • Pacioli and Leonardo fled together in December 1499, three months after the French captured Milan.
     

7. Seidenberg biography
   
   • Died: 3 May 1988 in Milan, Italy .
     
   • He held a Visiting Professorship at the University of Milan and he gave several series of lectures there.
     
   • In fact he was in Milan in the middle of giving a lecture series at the time of his death.
     
   • His career included a Guggenheim Fellowship [awarded 1953], visiting Professorships at Harvard and at the University of Milan, and numerous invited addresses, including several series of lectures at the University of Milan, the National University of Mexico, and at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome.
     
   • At the time of his death, he was in the midst of another series of lectures at the University of Milan.
     

8. Ricci Giovanni biography
   
   • Died: 9 Sept 1973 in Milan, Italy .
     
   • In 1936 Ricci moved to Milan where he was appointed as Professor of Mathematical Analysis at the University.
     
   • Between his taking up the position in Milan and the end of World War II, a period of nine years, he published only two works.
     
   • Ricci held the chair of Mathematical Analysis in Milan for over 36 years.
     
   • Finally we mention that Ricci's most famous doctoral student during his time in Milan was Enrico Bombieri.
     

9. Ferrari biography
   
   • Lodovico Ferrari's grandfather, Bartholomew Ferrari, was forced to leave his home town of Milan and settled in Bologna.
     
   • Luke went to Milan and there discovered that Cardan was looking for a servant.
     
   • Vincent, however, saw his chance to keep his own son at home and offload the responsibility of supporting his cousin Lodovico, so instead of sending Luke back to Cardan in Milan, he sent Lodovico.
     
   • When Cardan generously resigned his post at the Piatti Foundation in Milan to make way for him in 1541, Ferrari easily defeated Zuanne da Coi, his only rival for the post, in a debate and, at the age of twenty, became a public lecturer in geometry.
     
   • To establish he was the man for the job, Tartaglia was asked to journey to Milan and conclude the contest with Ferrari.
     
   • On 10 August 1548, the contest which all Italy wanted to see, for the correspondence between the two antagonists had taken the form of open letters, took place in the Church in the Garden of the Frati Zoccolanti in Milan.
     
   • A huge crowd had gathered, and the Milanese celebrities came out in force, with Don Ferrante di Gonzaga, governor of Milan, the supreme arbiter.
     
   • Ferrari clearly understood the cubic and quartic equations more thoroughly than his opponent who decided that he would leave Milan that very night and thus leave the contest unresolved, so victory went to Ferrari.
     
   • Ferrari fancied a more financially rewarding position though, and took up an appointment as tax assessor to the governor of Milan, Ferrando Gonzaga.
     

10. Brioschi biography
    
    • Born: 22 Dec 1824 in Milan, Lombardo-Veneto (now Italy) .
      
    • Francesco studied at the University of Pavia, which is 32 km south of his home town of Milan, and an ancient institution in the mid 19th century being founded in 1361.
      
    • In 1863 he founded the Politecnico, the Technical University of Milan, serving as its director and professor of mathematics and hydraulics for the rest of his life.
      

11. Boscovich biography
    
    • Died: 13 Feb 1787 in Milan, Italy .
      
    • In November of 1769, Boscovich was called from Pavia to teach astronomy and optics at the Palatine Schools in Milan.
      
    • Towards the end of 1771, the Vienna government, while carrying out its general reorganization of university studies in Pavia and Milan, advanced certain observations regarding the operation of the Brera Observatory.
      

12. Tartaglia biography
    
    • As public lecturer of mathematics at the Piatti Foundation in Milan, he was aware of the problem of solving cubic equations, but, until the contest, he had taken Pacioli at his word and assumed that, as Pacioli stated in the Suma published in 1494, solutions were impossible.
      
    • An incensed Cardan now wrote to Tartaglia directly, expressing his bitterness, challenging him to a debate but, at the same time, hinting that he had been discussing Tartaglia's brilliance with the governor of Milan, Alfonso d'Avalos, the Marchese del Vasto, who was one of Cardan's powerful patrons.
      
    • So, in March 1539, Tartaglia left Venice and travelled to Milan.
      
    • To Tartaglia's dismay, the governor was temporarily absent from Milan but Cardan attended to his guest's every need and soon the conversation turned to the problem of cubic equations.
      
    • To clearly establish his credentials for the post, Tartaglia was asked to journey to Milan and take part in the contest with Ferrari.
      
    • Ferrari clearly understood the cubic and quartic equations more thoroughly, and Tartaglia decided that he would leave Milan that night and thus leave the contest unresolved.
      
    • The defeat in Milan would appear to be responsible for Tartaglia's non-payment.
      

13. Caramuel biography
    
    • Died: 7 Sept 1682 in Milan, Italy .
      
    • Supported by Pope Chigi he received a number of appointments as a bishop, one being in Vigevano near Milan, another being in Naples.
      

14. Saccheri biography
    
    • Died: 25 Oct 1733 in Milan, Italy .
      
    • In 1690 the Superiors of the Company of Jesus sent him to the Collegio di Brera in Milan.
      
    • There were two Ceva brothers who had both been educated at the Brera College in Milan.
      
    • In this book, which Saccheri dedicated to Guzman who was the governor of Milan, he solved many problems in elementary geometry.
      
    • The work was dedicated to Count Filippo Archintio, who was on the Senate of Milan.
      
    • This university appointment was by the Senate of Milan so perhaps dedicating Logica demonstrativa to Count Filippo Archintio on the Senate had been a good move.
      
    • In recognition of his appreciation of the appointment by the Senate of Milan, Saccheri dedicated his next work Neo-statica, published in 1708, to them.
      
    • This work, also dedicated to the Senate of Milan, can in many ways be seen as following the logical methods which he had introduced in Logica demonstrativa.
      
    • However, he was a member of the Academia Claelia Vigilantium in Milan and went to Milan in university vacations to spend time at the Colleggio di Nobili.
      
    • Saccheri died in Milan two months later and only 170 years later was the significance of the work realised.
      

15. Leonardo biography
    
    • Between 1482 and 1499 Leonardo was in the service of the Duke of Milan.
      
    • During his time in Milan, Leonardo became interested in geometry.
      
    • He wrote a book, around this time, on the elementary theory of mechanics which appeared in Milan around 1498.
      
    • In 1499 the French armies entered Milan and the Duke was defeated.
      
    • Some months later Leonardo left Milan together with Pacioli.
      
    • In 1506 Leonardo returned for a second period in Milan.
      
    • In 1513 the French were removed from Milan and Leonardo moved again, this time to Rome.
      

16. Chisini biography
    
    • Died: 10 April 1967 in Milan, Italy .
      
    • After the war, he first became a professor in Cagliari in 1923, then in 1925 he moved to Milan where he remained until he retired in 1959.
      

17. Bombieri biography
    
    • Born: 26 Nov 1940 in Milan, Italy .
      
    • Bombieri studied with G Ricci in Milan and then went to Trinity College, Cambridge where he studied with H Davenport.
      

18. Ceva Giovanni biography
    
    • Born: 7 Dec 1647 in Milan, Italy .
      
    • Giovanni Ceva was educated in a Jesuit college in Milan, then studied at the university of Pisa.
      

19. Bombelli biography
    
    • Clearly Bombelli had studied Cardan's work and he also followed closely the very public arguments between Cardan, Ferrari and Tartaglia which culminated in the contest between Ferrari and Tartaglia in Milan in 1548 (see Ferrari's biography for details).
      
    • He wrote in the preface of his book [R Bombelli L\'Algebra, Books I-V (Milan, 1966).',2)">2] (see also [The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980).',3)">3]):- .
      
    • Bombelli wrote in [R Bombelli L\'Algebra, Books I-V (Milan, 1966).',2)">2] (see also [The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980).',3)">3]):- .
      
    • He wrote (see [R Bombelli L\'Algebra, Books I-V (Milan, 1966).',2)">2] or [The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980).',3)">3]):- .
      
    • Bombelli, himself, did not find working with complex numbers easy at first, writing in [R Bombelli L\'Algebra, Books I-V (Milan, 1966).',2)">2] (see also [The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980).',3)">3]):- .
      
    • He writes +√-n as "plus of minus", -√-n as "minus of minus", and gives rules such as (see [R Bombelli L\'Algebra, Books I-V (Milan, 1966).',2)">2] or [The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980).',3)">3]):- .
      

20. Cremona biography
    
    • The Austrian government arrested opposition leaders of the revolution in Venice and Milan, and suppressed student demonstrations in Padua and Pavia.
      
    • Cremona, the capital of the Cremona region of Lombardy was situated on the north bank of the Po River southeast of Milan.
      
    • On 28 November 1859 he was appointed as teacher at the Lycee St Alexandre in Milan.
      
    • In October 1867, on Brioschi's recommendation, another Royal Decree was issued, this time appointing Cremona to the Polytechnic Institute of Milan.
      
    • He received the title of Professor in 1872 while at Milan.
      
    • The period in Milan, where he remained until 1873, was the time of Cremona's greatest creativity.
      

21. Castigliano biography
    
    • Died: 25 Oct 1884 in Milan, Italy .
      

22. Guarini biography
    
    • Died: 1683 in Milan, Italy .
      

23. De Finetti biography
    
    • Thus, it was no surprise when in 1923 Bruno de Finetti enrolled at Milan Polytechnic.
      
    • Thus, during his third year at Milan Polytechnic, inspired by a paper of the biologist Carlo Foa, he started research work in the field of population genetics which soon (1926) led him to the first of his almost three hundred writings: it was the first example of a model with overlapping generations in population genetics and it was at least forty years ahead of its time.
      
    • Meanwhile, against the will of his mother, who was worried about his future, he moved to the recently founded (1925) University of Milan and there, in 1927, he graduated in Applied Mathematics with a dissertation on affine geometry supervised by Giulio Vivanti, a mathematician who made some noteworthy contributions to complex analysis.
      
    • Among his teachers at the University of Milan, it is also worth remembering Oscar Chisini, who is known for his general definition of mean.
      
    • Bruno de Finetti's interest in economics was innate and led him, during his first year at Milan Polytechnic, to attend the lectures given there by Ulisse Gobbi.
      

24. Rosellini biography
    
    • Austria, however, controlled Lombardy-Venetia and when revolution broke out they arrested those involved in Venice and Milan in March.
      
    • The inhabitants of Milan and Venice forced their Austrian rulers out.
      
    • Rosellini was the Secretary of the "Circolo Patriottico Milanese" in Milan, where he took part to the this uprising.
      
    • In an attempt to strengthen their cause against Austria, Lombardy and Venetia merged with Piedmont but their army suffered defeats against the Austrians who eventually captured Milan.
      
    • Rosellini left Milan and went to Turin where he became a member of the Parliament of the Italian Kingdom from 1849 to 1850, then, still in Turin, he was director of the magazine "La Croce dei Savoia" from 1853.
      

25. Bertini biography
    
    • In October 1867 Cremona was appointed to the Polytechnic Institute of Milan.
      
    • Bertini followed his teacher there and, during 1868-69, he studied at Milan attending courses by Cremona, Brioschi and Casorati on Abel's integrals.
      
    • He began his teaching career in 1870 in a secondary school in Milan, then two years later he went to Rome, again as a secondary school teacher.
      

26. Beltrami biography
    
    • He was employed as the secretary to a railway engineer and this job took him first to Verona and then to Milan.
      
    • While Beltrami was in Milan the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861.
      
    • At Milan Beltrami began to work hard at his mathematical studies again and in 1862 he published his first paper.
      

27. Mascheroni biography
    
    • Mascheroni was appointed as a deputy in the governing legislative assembly in Milan in 1797.
      
    • Mascheroni was sent to Paris to study the new system and to report to the governing body in Milan.
      
    • Mascheroni was unable to return to Milan due to the war and the Austrian occupation of the city in 1799.
      

28. Lax biography
    
    • Francis I had become king of France in 1515 and in that year he took Milan.
      
    • Between 1521 and 1523 the French were expelled from Genoa and the area around Milan, but this led to a French counter attack in 1523.
      

29. Lambert biography
    
    • Before returning to Chur, Lambert took his pupils to Paris, where he met d'Alembert, and to Marseilles, Nice, Turin, and Milan.
      
    • After returning from Munich, Lambert took part in a survey of the border between Milan and Chur, and also visited Leipzig where he was able to find a publisher for a work on philosophy Neues Organon (published in 1764).
      

30. Abraham Max biography
    
    • Abraham was professor of rational mechanics at the University of Milan until 1914.
      
    • Unable to return to Milan after the War he worked at Stuttgart until 1921, substituting for the professor of physics at the Technische Hochschule, when he accepted a chair in Aachen.
      

31. Bachet biography
    
    • He continued his studies with the Jesuits in Lyon and Milan, then joined the Jesuit Order in 1601 but the following year, after an illness, he left the Order.
      
    • It was to this estate he returned after the illness in Milan in 1602 and, except for spending 1619-20 in Paris and some time in Rome, he spent his life quietly there enjoying the considerable income generated by the estate.
      

32. Genocchi biography
    
    • At signs of unrest in the region the Austrian government reinforced its garrisons in Lombardy, arrested opposition leaders in Milan and suppressed student demonstrations.
      
    • After a series of defeats, Charles Albert's army withdrew from Milan.
      

33. Casorati biography
    
    • He taught geodesy and analysis at Pavia from 1865 to 1868 when he moved to Milan where he taught until 1875, although he continued to hold the chair at Pavia.
      
    • Leaving Milan he returned to Pavia in 1875 where he taught analysis until his death.
      

34. Borda biography
    
    • The Barnabites were a religious order founded in the 16th century, taking their name from the ancient church of St Barnabas in Milan, and they were devoted to the study of the Letters of St Paul.
      

35. Peres biography
    
    • This work is discussed in [Italian mathematics between the two world wars, Milan-Gargnano, 1986 (Bologna, 1987), 187-207.
      

36. Deligne biography
    
    • Jacques Tits, as a member of the Balzan Prize committee, announced the prize on 7 September 2004 in Milan.
      

37. Schlafli biography
    
    • Although Schlafli never received full credit for his remarkable achievements during his lifetime, he was elected to the Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere in Milan (1868), the Gottingen Academy of Sciences (Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften) (1871), and the Accademia dei Lincei (1883).
      

38. Faraday biography
    
    • Heading north again they visited Milan where Faraday met Volta.
      

39. Einstein biography
    
    • In 1894 Einstein's family moved to Milan but Einstein remained in Munich.
      

40. Plana biography
    
    • Plana had already worked with Francesco Carlini on geodesy, and the director of the observatory in Milan suggested to Plana that he might collaborate with Carlini on problems relating to the motion of the moon.
      

41. Serenus biography
    
    • In fact the article [Le scienze esatte nell\'antica Grecia (Milan, 1914), 727-735.',4)">4] claims that Serenus was born in Antissa but this has been shown by more recent historians of mathematics to be based on an error.
      

42. Rheticus biography
    
    • After initially returning to his home town of Feldkirch he spent some time in Italy, where he visited Cardan in Milan.
      

43. Codazzi biography
    
    • Delfino Codazzi was born and brought up in Lodi, the capital of the Lombardy region of northern Italy, lying on the right bank of the Adda River to the south east of Milan.
      

44. Fine biography
    
    • Like many mathematicians of his time Fine was an expert on fortifications and he worked on fortifications of Milan.
      

45. Davenport biography
    
    • This gave him less administrative duties, and more opportunities to make visits to other universities such as Gottingen, Ann Arbor, Boulder, and Milan.
      

46. Vacca biography
    
    • In 1892 he helped Filippo Turati, a young lawyer from Milan, to found the Italian Workers' Party (Partito dei Lavoratori Italiani).
      

47. Oleinik biography
    
    • She was elected to: the Russian Academy of Sciences; the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei in Italy; the Sachsische Akademie of Sciences in Germany; the Italian Academy of Sciences in Palermo; the Italian Academy of Sciences in Milan; and the Royal Society of Edinburgh in Scotland.
      

48. Lebesgue biography
    
    • This outstanding piece of work appears in Lebesgue's doctoral dissertation, Integrale, longueur, aire , presented to the Faculty of Science in Paris in 1902, and the 130 page work was published in Milan in the Annali di Matematica in the same year.
      

49. Prager biography
    
    • Many universities awarded him honorary degrees including Liege, Poitiers, Milan, Waterloo, Stuttgart, Hannover, Brown, Manchester and Brussels.
      

50. Leray biography
    
    • He was also a member of the Royal Academy of Belgium, a fellow of the Royal Society of London, and a member of the academies of Milan, Boston, Gottingen, Turin, Palermo, Warsaw, and Lincei.
      

51. Von Neumann biography
    
    • He was elected to many academies including the Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas (Lima, Peru), Academia Nazionale dei Lincei (Rome, Italy), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (USA), American Philosophical Society (USA), Instituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere (Milan, Italy), National Academy of Sciences (USA) and Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
      

52. Ruffini biography
    
    • Bonaparte continued the war against the Austrians and occupied Milan but was held up at Mantua.
      

History Topics

1. Tartaglia versus Cardan
   
   • [Zuan Antonio de Bassano was a bookseller who frequently travelled between Milan and Venice.
     
   • Zuan Antonio: Master Niccolo Tartaglia, I have been directed to you by a worthy man, a physician of Milan, named Master Girolamo Cardano, who is a very great mathematician.
     
   • Tartaglia: The said Master Zuanne da Coi must have been to Milan and proposed them to his excellency, and he, being unable to resolve them, has sent them to be worked out by me, and this I hold for certain, because the said Master Zuanne promised me a year ago that he would come here to Venice, but for all that he has never been, and I think he has repented of his purpose and given its turn to Milan.
     
   • Zuan Antonio: Do not think that his excellency would have sent you these problems If he had not understood them and known how to solve them, or that they should proceed from another person, for his excellency is one of the most learned men in Milan, and the Marquis dal Vasto has given him a great provision for his competency.
     
   • I would pluck you out of this conceit, as I plucked out lately Master Zuanne da Coi, that is to say, the conceit of being the first man in the world, wherefore he left Milan in despair; I would write to you lovingly and drag you out of the conceit of thinking you are so great - would cause you to understand from kindly admonition, out of your own words, that you are nearer to the valley than the mountain-top.
     
   • Cardano tried to tempt Tartaglia to Milan to meet his patron, Alphonso d'Avalos, Marquis del Guasto.
     
   • Tartaglia (comment written on a letter from Cardan): I am reduced by this fellow to a strange pass, because if I do not go to Milan the lord marquis may take offence, and such offence might do me mischief, I go thither unwillingly: however, I will go.
     
   • [On 25 March 1539 Tartaglia visited Cardano in Milan.
     
   • Alphonso d'Avalos, Marquis del Guasto, was not in Milan at the time.
     
   • And as to resolving you the equation you have sent, I must say that I am very sorry that I have given you already so much as I have done, for I have been informed, by person worthy of faith, that you are about to publish another algebraic work, and that you have gone boasting through Milan of having discovered some new rules in Algebra.
     
   • It was held in the Church of Santa Maria del Giardino, Milan, on 10 August 1548.
     
   • Don Ferrante di Gonzaga, the Governor of Milan, was referee.
     

2. Mathematics and Architecture
   
   • Argan writes [Brunelleschi (Milan, 1955).',1)" onmouseover="window.status='Click to see reference';return true">1]:- .
     
   • He was a man of wide ranging abilities and interests and, at one stage in his career, earned his living advising the Duke of Milan on architecture, fortifications and military matters.
     

3. Mathematics and Architecture references
   
   • G C Argan, Brunelleschi (Milan, 1955).
     

4. Quadratic etc equations references
   
   • R Franci and T Rigatelli, Storia della teoria delle equazioni algebriche (Milan, 1979).
     

5. Bourbaki 1 references
   
   • C Houzel, The influence of Bourbaki (Italian), in Italian mathematics between the two world wars (Italian), Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Pitagora, Bologna, 1987), 241-246.
     

6. Bourbaki 2 references
   
   • C Houzel, The influence of Bourbaki (Italian), in Italian mathematics between the two world wars (Italian), Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Pitagora, Bologna, 1987), 241-246.
     

7. Mathematics and Architecture references
   
   • G C Argan, Brunelleschi (Milan, 1955).
     

8. Quadratic etc equations references
   
   • R Franci and T Rigatelli, Storia della teoria delle equazioni algebriche (Milan, 1979).
     

9. Bolzano publications.html
   
   • 12 (Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore, Milan 1965).
     

10. Quadratic etc equations
    
    • News of Tartaglia's victory reached Girolamo Cardan in Milan where he was preparing to publish Practica Arithmeticae (1539).
      Go directly to this paragraph
      

11. Bourbaki 2 references
    
    • C Houzel, The influence of Bourbaki (Italian), in Italian mathematics between the two world wars (Italian), Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Pitagora, Bologna, 1987), 241-246.
      

12. Bourbaki 1 references
    
    • C Houzel, The influence of Bourbaki (Italian), in Italian mathematics between the two world wars (Italian), Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Pitagora, Bologna, 1987), 241-246.
      

Famous Curves

Societies etc

1. Oriani
   
   • Birth place: Garegnano, Near Milan, Italy .
     

2. Serbian Academy of Sciences
   
   • King Milan Obrenovic became the Academy's protector and he made the first appointments of members.
     

References

1. References for Agnesi
   
   • L Anzoletti, Maria Gaetane Agnesi (Milan, 1900).
     
   • A F Frisi, Elogio Storico di Maria Gaetane Agnesi Milanese (Milan, 1799).
     
   • G Tilche, Maria Gaetane Agnesi (Milan, 1984).
     

2. References for Lagrange
   
   • E Bellone, Boltzmann and Lagrange : 'classical' quanta and beliefs about irreversibility (Italian), in Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985), 517-532.
     
   • I Grattan-Guinness, A Paris curiosity, 1814 : Delambre's obituary of Lagrange, and its 'supplement', in Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985), 664-677.
     

3. References for Frisi
   
   • G Barbarisi (ed.), Ideologia e scienza nell'opera di Paolo Frisi (1728-1784) (Milan, 1987).
     
   • P Verri, Obituary of Paolo Frisi, Operette scelte (Milan, 1825).
     

4. References for Torricelli
   
   • G Castelnuovo, Le origini del calcolo infinitesimale nell'era moderna, con scritti di Newton, Leibniz, Torricelli (Milan, 1962).
     
   • G Castelnuovo, Le origini del calcolo infinitesimale nell'era moderna (Milan, 1962), 52-53, 58-62.
     

5. References for Cavalieri
   
   • G Piola, La vie di Boneventura Cavalieri (Milan, 1844).
     

6. References for Leonardo
   
   • A Marinoni, La matematica di Leonardo da Vinci (Milan, 1982).
     

7. References for Cantelli
   
   • E Regazzini, Theory and calculus of probabilities, in Italian mathematics between the two world wars, Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Pitagora, Bologna, 1987), 339-386.
     

8. References for Casorati
   
   • S Cinquini and F Gherardelli, In memoria di Felice Casorati (1890-1990) (Cisalpino - Istituto Editoriale Universitario S.r.l., Milan, 1992).
     

9. References for Descartes
   
   • M Galuzzi, Recent intepretations of Descartes' 'Geometrie' (Italian), in Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985), 643-663.
     

10. References for Archimedes
    
    • E Rufini, Il 'metodo' di Archimede e le origini del calcolo infinitesimale nell'antichita (Milan, 1961).
      

11. References for Peres
    
    • A Guerraggio, The 'Theorie generale des fonctionnelles' of V Volterra and J Peres (Italian), in Italian mathematics between the two world wars, Milan-Gargnano, 1986 (Bologna, 1987), 187-207.
      

12. References for Boscovich
    
    • C F Manara and M Spoglianti, R G Boscovich and the precursors of V Poncelet (Italian), Proceedings of the Brescia Mathematical Seminar 3 (Milan, 1979), 142-180.
      

13. References for Arago
    
    • P Tucci, The Arago - Faraday controversy concerning electromagnetic induction (Italian), in Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985, 796-808.
      

14. References for Schroder
    
    • D Bondoni, La teoria delle relazioni nell'algebra della logica schroderiana (Milan, 2007).
      

15. References for Bourbaki
    
    • C Houzel, The influence of Bourbaki (Italian), in Italian mathematics between the two world wars (Italian), Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Pitagora, Bologna, 1987), 241-246.
      

16. References for Delambre
    
    • I Grattan-Guinness, A Paris curiosity, 1814 : Delambre's obituary of Lagrange, and its 'supplement', in Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985), 664-677.
      

17. References for Riccati Vincenzo
    
    • G Loria, Storia delle matematiche (Milan, 1950), 663, 681, 706, 725.
      

18. References for Bessel
    
    • 11 (Milan, 1994), 173-212.
      

19. References for Bohr Niels
    
    • S Petruccioli, Classical physics and quantum concepts in the works of Niels Bohr : 1913-1927 (Italian), Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985), 738-759.
      

20. References for Riccati
    
    • G Loria, Storia delle matematiche (Milan, 1950), 630, 631, 659- , 667, 701.
      

21. References for Nicomedes
    
    • G Loria, Le scienze esatte nell'antica Grecia (Milan, 1914), 404-410.
      

22. References for Ricci Giovanni
    
    • M Cugiani, Commemoration of Giovanni Ricci (Italian), Geometry of Banach spaces and related topics, Milan, 1983, Rend.
      

23. References for Germain
    
    • G Micheli, The philosophical works of Sophie Germain (Italian), in Scienza e filosofia (Milan, 1985), 712-729.
      

24. References for Newton
    
    • G Castelnuovo, Le origini del calcolo infinitesimale nell'era moderna, con scritti di Newton, Leibniz, Torricelli (Milan, 1962).
      

25. References for Cardan
    
    • A Bellini, Girolamo Cardano e il suo tempo (Milan, 1947).
      

26. References for Galileo
    
    • S Drake, Galileo and mathematical physics, in Science and philosophy (Milan, 1985), 627-642.
      

27. References for Serenus
    
    • G Loria, Le scienze esatte nell'antica Grecia (Milan, 1914), 727-735.
      

28. References for Grandi
    
    • G Loria, Storia delle matematiche (Milan, 1950).
      

29. References for Fagnano Giovanni
    
    • G Loria, Storia delle matematiche (Milan, 1950), 664.
      

30. References for Hardy Claude
    
    • G Loria, Storia delle matematiche (Milan, 1931), 309.
      

31. References for Rolle
    
    • G Loria, Michel Rolle, in Storia delle matematiche (Milan, 1950), 670-673.
      

32. References for Bombelli
    
    • E Bortolotti (ed.), R Bombelli L'Algebra, Books I-V (Milan, 1966).
      

33. References for Brunelleschi
    
    • G C Argan, Brunelleschi (Milan, 1978).
      

34. References for Caccioppoli
    
    • G Scorza Dragoni, Remembering Renato Caccioppoli (Italian), Italian mathematics between the two world wars (Italian), Milan/Gargnano, 1986 (Bologna, 1987), 387-392.
      

35. References for Leibniz
    
    • G Castelnuovo, Le origini del calcolo infinitesimale nell'era moderna, con scritti di Newton, Leibniz, Torricelli (Milan 1962).
      

Additional material

1. Bolzano's publications
   
   • 12 (Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore, Milan 1965).
     

2. Cardan: autobiography
   
   • was not a model of veracity: Girolamo Cardano of Milan.
     

3. Venice and statistics
   
   • About this time, when Florentines wished to form an alliance with Venice against Filippo Maria Visconti, they were for the moment refused, in the belief, resting on accurate commercial returns, that a war between Venice and Milan, that is between seller and buyer, was foolish.
     

4. Mathematicians and Music 2.2
   
   • Cardano was an ardent lover of music and while living in Milan his house was constantly filled with men and boys of somewhat sinister reputation but capable of joining with him in part-singing so popular in the polyphonic period.
     

5. W H and G C Young
   
   • We had to change trains at Milan, and a great crowd was there on the platform waiting for our next train.
     

Quotations

Chronology