Search Results for Breslau

Biographies

1. Sturm Rudolf biography
   
   • Born: 6 Jan 1841 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • Died: 12 April 1919 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • After attending the St Maria Magdalena Gymnasium in Breslau he entered Breslau University in October 1859 to study mathematics and physics.
     
   • He was awarded a doctorate by Breslau in 1863 for a dissertation entitled De superficiebus tertii ordinis disquisitiones geometricae .
     
   • After the award of his doctorate he taught at Breslau as an assistant.
     
   • He became an ordinary professor at Munster in 1878, then he returned to Breslau in 1892 where he again held an ordinary professorship.
     

2. Hopf biography
   
   • Born: 19 Nov 1894 in Grabschen (near Breslau), Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • He joined Heinrich Kirchner at his brewery in Breslau in 1887.
     
   • Heinz attended Dr Karl Mittelhaus' school from 1901 until 1904 and following this he began his studies at the Konig-Wilhelm Gymnasium in Breslau.
     
   • In April 1913 Hopf entered the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau to read for a degree in mathematics.
     
   • He also attended lectures by Dehn and Steinitz who taught at the polytechnic in Breslau.
     
   • During a fortnight's leave from military service in 1917 Hopf went to a class by Schmidt on set theory at the University of Breslau.
     
   • After the war Hopf returned to his studies in Breslau but after about a year he left and went to the University of Heidelberg.
     
   • By this time Schmidt had left Breslau and it appears that Hopf wanted to go to Heidelberg to be with his sister who had begun her studies there in the previous year.
     
   • Hopf continued to visit his parents in Breslau up until 1939.
     

3. Rosanes biography
   
   • Died: 6 Jan 1922 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • He attended the high school in Brody, then, in 1858 when he was sixteen years old, he went to Breslau where he became a clerk in a Mercantile house.
     
   • Rosanes, however, wanted to attend university and between 1858 and 1860 he prepared himself to enter the University of Breslau.
     
   • In this latter year he began to concentrate on mathematics and physics and, advised by Heinrich Schroeter, he undertook research and submitted his dissertation De polarium reciprocarum theoria observationes to the University of Breslau and was awarded his Ph.D.
     
   • In addition to Schroeter, Rosanes had been taught by some excellent lecturers at Breslau such as Ferdinand Joachimsthal, Rudolf Lipschitz, O E Meyer, and Paul Bachmann.
     
   • He returned to Breslau where he submitted his Habilitation thesis and became a Privatdozent in 1870.
     
   • Rosanes taught at Breslau for the rest of his life.
     
   • He was able to beat even one of the leading players of his time Adolf Anderssen which he did in Breslau in 1862 (although he lost to him in the following year).
     
   • He retired in 1911 but continued to live in Breslau for the rest of his life.
     

4. Pasch biography
   
   • Born: 8 Nov 1843 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • Simon was a businessman who married Rosalie Isaac from Birnbaum, Posen, in Breslau on 29 July 1841.
     
   • Pasch attended the Elisabeth Gymnasium in Breslau, graduating in 1860.
     
   • He then entered the University of Breslau with the intention of studying chemistry but soon changed topic to study for a degree in mathematics.
     
   • Pasch's father died in Breslau on 24 October 1866 and he gave up his research towards his habilitation in order to help care for his family.
     
   • In August 1873 he was promoted to extraordinary professor, then two years later he was made an ordinary professor after turning down an offer of a similar post at the University of Breslau.
     
   • Pasch married Laura Reichenbach from Breslau on 15 September 1875, three weeks after being made a full professor.
     
   • The marriage took place in Breslau and they had two daughters, Toni born on 18 July 1878 and Gertrud born on 16 February 1882.
     

5. Born biography
   
   • Born: 11 Dec 1882 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • His father, Gustav Born, was a distinguished medical professor of embryology at the University of Breslau.
     
   • Max's mother, Margarete Kaufmann, came from a Breslau family who were in the textile industry.
     
   • Max attended the Konig Wilhelm Gymnasium in Breslau, studying a wide range of subjects such as mathematics, physics, history, modern languages, Latin, Greek, and German.
     
   • Entering the University of Breslau in 1901 he took a wide range of science subjects, mainly to go along with his father's wishes (his father had died shortly before Max left school).
     
   • Back in Breslau he talked to his fellow students Toeplitz and Hellinger who told him of the great teachers of mathematics, Klein, Hilbert and Minkowski, at the University of Gottingen.
     
   • Leaving Cambridge, Born returned to Breslau.
     

6. Gordan biography
   
   • Born: 27 April 1837 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • Paul Gordan's father, David Gordan,was a merchant in Breslau, and his mother was Friedericke Friedenthal.
     
   • Paul was educated in Breslau where he attended the Gymnasium, going on to study at the business school.
     
   • His university career began at the University of Breslau but, as almost all German students did at this time, he undertook part of his university studies at different universities.
     
   • Returning to the University of Breslau he submitted a dissertation on geodesics of spheroids in 1862.
     
   • This was a fine piece of work and the dissertation, which employed methods devised by Lagrange and Jacobi, was awarded a prize by the Philosophy Faculty at Breslau.
     

7. Landsberg biography
   
   • Born: 30 Jan 1865 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • Georg Landsberg attended school at Breslau.
     
   • He then studied at the Universities of Breslau and Leipzig between 1883 and 1889.
     
   • His doctorate was awarded by the University of Breslau in 1890.
     
   • In 1904 he returned to Breslau as extraordinary professor of mathematics but he was only there for two years accepting an offer of a post at the University of Kiel.
     

8. Kober biography
   
   • When he was still young the family moved to Breslau (now Wroclaw), so making a move from Upper Silesia to Lower Silesia.
     
   • Breslau was the sixth largest city of Germany and, in that thriving industrial city, Kober attended school.
     
   • He then entered the University of Breslau but like most German students of that time, he spent part of his university studies at another university.
     
   • His doctorate, awarded by the University of Breslau in 1911, was directed by Adolf Kneser.
     
   • He was therefore happy to accept a position as a teacher of mathematics at the Johannes Gymnasium in Breslau.
     
   • After his military service he returned to his teaching post at Breslau but in the 1920s he decided to study law on a part-time basis.
     
   • Breslau had a large Jewish community with around 10,000 living in the city at the time Hitler came to power.
     
   • Kober was forced out of his teaching post in 1934 but he continued with his teaching career, now at a Jewish school in Breslau.
     
   • Kober's wife provided him with the sort of back-up which allowed him to make lengthy visits to Cambridge in England, for she simply took over teaching his classes in Breslau while he spent time at Cambridge doing research.
     

9. Kneser biography
   
   • Died: 24 Jan 1930 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
     
   • Kneser submitted his habilitation thesis to the University of Marburg where he taught for a while, then he moved to Breslau (now Wroclaw in Poland) where he also lectured.
     
   • After five years in Berlin, he returned to Breslau where he spent the rest of his career.
     
   • In 1911 Kneser published his famous text, Die Integralgleichungen und ihre Anwendungen in der mathematischen Physik: Vorlesungen an der Universitat zu Breslau.
     

10. Schottky biography
    
    • Born: 24 July 1851 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • Friedrich Schottky attended the Humanistisches Gymnasium St Magdalenen in Breslau.
      
    • After graduating from the Gymnasium he entered the University of Breslau in 1870, graduating in 1874.
      
    • After leaving Breslau he studied at the University of Berlin under Weierstrass and Helmholtz and obtained his doctorate in 1875.
      

11. Courant biography
    
    • When Richard was nine his family moved again, this time to Breslau.
      
    • His father Siegmund was now in problems since he had agreed to buy another business before being persuaded by his brother Jakob to break the contract and move to Breslau.
      
    • Siegmund worked for an insurance company in Breslau and Richard attended school there, entering the Konig-Wilhelm Gymnasium.
      
    • In 1904 Richard's parents left Breslau and moved to Berlin.
      
    • Richard was earning enough to support himself, even now that he had to rent accommodation in Breslau.
      
    • Although he had not yet passed the examinations necessary to enter university, Richard left school in 1905 and attended classes in mathematics and physics at the University of Breslau.
      
    • Courant had studied at Breslau with two fellow students Otto Toeplitz and Ernst Hellinger.
      
    • In the spring of 1907 Courant left Breslau, spent a semester at Zurich, then began his studies at Gottingen on 1 November 1907.
      
    • He had married Nelly Neumann in the summer of 1912, a friend from his days in Breslau who was also a mathematician.
      

12. Toeplitz biography
    
    • Born: 1 Aug 1881 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • Otto was brought up in Breslau and he attended a Gymnasium in that city.
      
    • After completing his secondary education in Breslau, Toeplitz entered the university there to study mathematics.
      
    • After graduating, he continued with his studies of algebraic geometry at the University of Breslau, being awarded his doctorate in 1905.
      

13. Maschke biography
    
    • Born: 24 Oct 1853 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • Heinrich attended the Gymnasium in Breslau where he showed great ability.
      

14. Schroeter biography
    
    • in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • Schroter then lectured at the University of Breslau, becoming professor there in 1858.
      

15. Joachimsthal biography
    
    • Died: 5 April 1861 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • Joachimsthal was appointed to a chair in Halle in 1853, then he became Kummer's successor at Breslau in 1855 where again he acquired a high reputation for teaching.
      

16. Lewy biography
    
    • Born: 20 Oct 1904 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • He spent his boyhood in Breslau before becoming a student at Gottingen.
      

17. Hausdorff biography
    
    • Born: 8 Nov 1868 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      
    • Felix was stll a young boy when the family moved from Breslau to Leipzig, and it was in Leipzig that he grew up.
      

18. Rademacher biography
    
    • In April 1925 Rademacher left Hamburg to become an ordinary professor at Breslau.
      
    • Had Hecke succeeded in his attempt to get Hamburg to offer Rademacher an ordinary professorship then he would almost certainly have remained there, but the university would not make the offer that Hecke requested and, after much thought, Rademacher went to Breslau.
      
    • Naturally, someone like Rademacher would also be appropriate if you think that there is a prospect that he would exchange Breslau for Kiel.
      
    • In different political circumstances one would have expected Rademacher to remain at Breslau for the rest of his career.
      
    • However he was passionate in his concern for human rights and while in Breslau he joined the International League for Human Rights.
      
    • Normal expectations were completely overturned for most people and in particular for Rademacher the expectation that he would remain in Breslau vanished.
      

19. Radon biography
    
    • In 1928 Radon moved again, this time to the University of Breslau where he succeeded Adolf Kneser on his retirement.
      
    • After happy times in Greifswald and Erlangen, fate was cruel to Radon in Breslau.
      
    • The Germans fortified Breslau but it came under increasing Russian pressure from August 1944 as the Russian offensive swept rapidly west.
      
    • The centre of Breslau was bombed on 7 October 1944 but the Mathematical Institute was essentially undamaged (only 4 panes of glass were broken).
      
    • By January 1945 the Russian army was advancing towards Breslau and a decision was taken to move the mathematicians from the city.
      
    • In February Feigl and his colleagues moved the Mathematical Institute from Breslau to Schonburg Castle at Wechselburg, not far from Leipzig.
      

20. Selten biography
    
    • Born: 5 Oct 1930 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      

21. Roth Klaus biography
    
    • Born: 29 Oct 1925 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) .
      

22. Wittich biography
    
    • Born: 1546 in Breslau, now Wrocław, Poland .
      

23. Steinitz biography
    
    • Ernst Steinitz entered the University of Breslau in 1890.
      
    • He went to Berlin to study mathematics there in 1891 and, after spending two years in Berlin, he returned to Breslau in 1893.
      
    • In the following year Steinitz submitted his doctoral thesis to Breslau and, the following year, he was appointed Privatdozent at the Technische Hochschule Berlin - Charlottenburg.
      
    • The offer of a professorship at the Technical College of Breslau saw him return to Breslau in 1910.
      

24. Feigl biography
    
    • Two years later, in 1935, Feigl was appointed to the Chair of Mathematics at the University of Breslau where he was head of the Department.
      
    • 79 (1969), 53-60.',3)">3] Pinl explains that in Breslau:- .
      
    • The centre of Breslau was bombed on 7 October 1944 but the Mathematical Institute was essentially undamaged (only 4 panes of glass were broken).
      
    • By January 1945 the Russian army was advancing towards Breslau and a decision was taken to move the mathematicians from the city.
      
    • In February Feigl and his colleagues moved the Mathematical Institute from Breslau to Schonburg Castle at Wechselburg, not far from Leipzig.
      

25. Mohr Ernst biography
    
    • Mohr was forced to look for a post elsewhere and was appointed as a scientific fellow to the Technical University of Breslau on 1 November 1934.
      
    • At Breslau Mohr changed areas and began to undertake work in hydrodynamics under the supervision of Johann Nikuradse.
      
    • In 1939 he was promoted to lecturer in mechanics and applied mathematics at the University of Breslau, and also at the Technical University of Breslau, after submitting his habilitation dissertation.
      

26. Hellinger biography
    
    • Ernst grew up in Breslau where he attended school, graduating from the Gymnasium there in 1902.
      
    • It was at the Breslau Gymnasium that Hellinger first became fascinated in mathematics, and this was the result of an excellent mathematics teacher at the school.
      
    • His second university was Breslau, so he returned to the town where he was brought up, and then in 1904 he followed his friend Max Born to Gottingen.
      
    • In Gottingen Hellinger was a student of Hilbert and, not long after he began his studies there, he was joined by Courant and Toeplitz who had been his fellow students at Breslau.
      

27. Kronecker biography
    
    • After spending the summer of 1843 at the University of Bonn, which he went to because of his interest in astronomy rather than mathematics, he then went to the University of Breslau for the winter semester of 1843-44.
      
    • The reason that he went to Breslau was certainly because of his interest in mathematics because he wanted to study again with his old school teacher Kummer who had been appointed to a chair at Breslau in 1842.
      
    • Kronecker spent a year at Breslau before returning to Berlin for the winter semester of 1844-45.
      

28. Kummer biography
    
    • In 1842, with strong support from Jacobi and Dirichlet, he was appointed a full professor at the University of Breslau, now Wroclaw in Poland.
      
    • There he quickly established himself as an outstanding university teacher of mathematics and, starting with his move to Breslau, he began to undertake research in number theory.
      
    • He wanted Weierstrass as a colleague at Berlin, yet he realised that Weierstrass was a strong candidate for the chair he was leaving vacant in Breslau.
      
    • Hence he recommended to Breslau that they appoint his former student Joachimsthal.
      

29. Kneser Hellmuth biography
    
    • Hellmuth entered the University of Breslau in 1916 where his father was the Professor of Mathematics.
      
    • Schmidt's lectures at Breslau were to prove an important influence on Hellmuth Kneser's mathematical development.
      
    • From Breslau Kneser went to Gottingen to undertake research.
      

30. Kirchhoff biography
    
    • He left Berlin for Breslau in 1850 when he was appointed as extraordinary professor there.
      
    • In the year that he arrived in Breslau, Kirchhoff solved a problem concerning the deformation of elastic plates.
      
    • While Kirchhoff was in Breslau he met Bunsen who spent the academic year 1851-52 there; the two becoming firm and lasting friends.
      

31. Rosenhain biography
    
    • In 1844 Rosenhain submitted his Habilitation thesis to the University of Breslau and was appointed as a Privat-dozent there in that year.
      
    • Rosenhain's position at Breslau became untenable; he had no future there [Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990).',1)">1]:- .
      
    • His participation in the revolutionary activities of 1848 deprived him any chance to further his career in Breslau.
      

32. Lipschitz biography
    
    • Then in 1862 he became an extraordinary professor at Breslau.
      
    • During his two years in Breslau, Lipschitz wrote two not very important papers.
      
    • He was nominated an ordinary professor by the University of Bonn and he left Breslau at Easter 1864.
      

33. Nielsen Jakob biography
    
    • When Hecke was appointed to Hamburg in 1919, Nielsen went as his assistant, but the following year Nielsen was appointed to a chair at Breslau.
      
    • Two inaugural lectures which Nielsen gave in Breslau in 1921 are published for the first time in [Jakob Nielsen: collected mathematical papers (2 vols.) (Boston, Mass., 1986).',1)">1].
      
    • In 1921 Nielsen, who was born in Schleswig, elected to became a Danish citizen and he resigned his chair in Breslau and returned to Denmark to teach in Copenhagen.
      

34. Scherk biography
    
    • At this time his family moved to Breslau where Heinrich attended elementary school, then completed his school education at the Magdalenen High School.
      
    • Scherk completed his school studies in 1818 and entered the University of Breslau.
      
    • It was H W Brandes who taught him mathematics and astronomy at the University of Breslau, and quickly realised that Scherk had an outstanding pupil.
      

35. Kutta biography
    
    • Tragically Kutta's parents died when he was still young and, together with his brother Karl, he went to Breslau to be brought up by an uncle.
      
    • It was in Breslau that he attended the Gymnasium.
      
    • After graduating from the Gymnasium, Kutta studied at the University of Breslau from 1885 to 1890.
      

36. Weierstrass biography
    
    • In 1855 Weierstrass applied for the chair at the University of Breslau left vacant when Kummer moved to Berlin.
      
    • Kummer, however, tried to influence things so that Weierstrass would go to Berlin, not Breslau, so Weierstrass was not appointed.
      

37. Hecke biography
    
    • He graduated from secondary school in 1905 and in that year he entered the University of Breslau.
      
    • After Breslau he worked under Edmund Landau at Berlin and then from there he went to Gottingen where he worked under Hilbert.
      

38. Bachmann biography
    
    • From Berlin, Bachmann went to Breslau to study for his habilitation.
      
    • He taught at Breslau after the award of the habilitation, becoming an extraordinary professor there.
      

39. Lasker biography
    
    • In 1889 he won his first chess tournament in Berlin and, a month later, he won the Hauptturnier in Breslau which earned him the German title of Master of Chess.
      
    • Young Lasker only confirmed the opinion we expressed about him when we watched him in Breslau.
      

40. Dirichlet biography
    
    • The problem was nicely solved by the University of Cologne giving Dirichlet an honorary doctorate, thus allowing him to submit his habilitation thesis on polynomials with a special class of prime divisors to the University of Breslau.
      
    • From 1827 Dirichlet taught at Breslau but Dirichlet encountered the same problem which made him choose Paris for his own education, namely that the standards at the university were low.
      

41. Eisenstein biography
    
    • Kummer arranged that the University of Breslau award Eisenstein an honorary doctorate in February 1845.
      

42. Pitiscus biography
    
    • Later Pitiscus was appointed court chaplain at Breslau and court preacher to Frederick IV.
      

43. Weinstein biography
    
    • From Hamburg Weinstein moved to Breslau and, by 1933, he was being sought by Einstein as a collaborator in Berlin.
      

44. Loewy biography
    
    • Loewy studied at the universities of Breslau, Munich, Berlin and Gottingen between 1891 and 1895.
      

45. Gutzmer biography
    
    • He also worked for the German Mathematical Society producing yearly reports, for example: Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung zu Munchen, 17-23 September 1899; Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung zu Aachen, 16-23 September 1900; and Bericht uber die Jahresversammlung in Breslau, vom 18 bis 24 September 1904.
      

46. Fraenkel biography
    
    • He spent some time at the University of Munich, the University of Marburg, the University of Berlin and the University of Breslau.
      

47. De Moivre biography
    
    • An innovative piece of work by Halley had been the production of mortality tables, based on five years of data, for the city of Breslau which he published in 1693.
      

48. Lexis biography
    
    • Lexis left Freiburg in 1884 to take up the chair of economics at the University of Breslau, then in 1887 he made his final career move when he accepted the chair of political science at Gottingen.
      

49. Schrodinger biography
    
    • He then moved to a chair at Breslau, his third move in eighteen months.
      

50. Halley biography
    
    • Another innovative piece of work was the mortality tables for the city of Breslau which he published in 1693.
      

51. Marczewski biography
    
    • However, near the end of the war he was captured and sent to a labour camp in Breslau, as the Germans called the town, but Wroclaw to give it its Polish name.
      

52. Caratheodory biography
    
    • Again it was not long before he moved on and on 1 October 1910 he was appointed to the Chair of Higher Mathematics at the Technical University of Breslau.
      

53. Pringsheim biography
    
    • Alfred grew up in Breslau where he became passionate about music, art and mathematics.
      

54. Schmidt biography
    
    • After leaving Bonn, Schmidt held positions in Zurich, Erlangen and Breslau before he was appointed to a professorship at the University of Berlin in 1917.
      

55. Loewner biography
    
    • She came from Breslau and was a trained singer.
      

History Topics

Famous Curves

Societies etc

1. Academy of Scientists Leopoldina
   
   • As a consequence the following is the resulting sequence cities in which it was based: Schweinfurt, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Altdorf, Erfurt, Halle, Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bonn, Breslau, Jena, Dresden, and Halle.
     

References

1. References for Lipschitz
   
   • T Weber, Rudolf Lipschitz as professor at Breslau University in the years 1862-1864 (Polish), Wiadom.
     

2. References for Kummer
   
   • W Narkiewicz, Mathematics at Breslau University during the time of Kummer (Polish), Wiadom.
     

Additional material

1. Mathematics at Aberdeen 1
   
   • He worked at universities in Frankfurt, Breslau and Helmstadt where he held chairs in Mathematics and Medicine.
     

Quotations

Chronology

1. Chronology for 1675 to 1700
   
   • Halley publishes his mortality tables for the city of Breslau (now Wroclaw) in Poland.
     

2. Mathematical Chronology
   
   • Halley publishes his mortality tables for the city of Breslau (now Wroclaw) in Poland.