The Lithuanian Mathematical Society was founded 1962 as a section of the Physics, Technical Sciences and Mathematics section of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.

The Lithuanian Mathematical Society stimulated the mathematical activities in Lithuania. Mathematical conferences were organized and the Lithuanian Mathematical Journal founded. It has had a very great impact on the development of mathematical life in the country.

The development of mathematical activities in Lithuania can be described as a chain reaction which reached great intensity in the last four decades. The system of education and research in mathematics was created: olympiads of young mathematicians, the correspondence school of mathematics, doctoral studies. New textbooks in mathematics for secondary schools and universities were written. In 1983 the Museum of Lithuanian Mathematicians was founded.

Many international conferences in mathematics were organized in the country. The Lithuanian Mathematical Society is a member-founder of European Mathematical Society since 1989 and a member of International Mathematical Union since 1995.